Posts tagged Marketing
How to measure social media
Sep 7th
There is much talk in marketing circles about how to measure the impact of social media. Some measurements are hard, such as actual campaign response and conversion rate measures. Others are a bit softer, such as measuring campaign reaction frequency and tone (e.g., positive, neutral, negative). While both are valid measures, I do think we have been missing a broader, yet critical component of our measures—the overall financial impact of word-of-mouth (WOM) spread.
It occurred to me today that I may already have a way to measure WOM influence and the impact of social media.
Years ago, I came up with a simple equation to measure what I called, the “Residual Value of a Customer.” In other words, this is a calculation to determine value of an average customers’ impact on your business relative to their individual influence on other customers. Keep in mind that this was before the internet and social media tools, so the sphere of influence of an individual customer was generally much less—maybe 7-10 people total. However, I think the logic still applies today.
The Residual Value of a Customer takes into account the annual sales to a customer, the expected tenure as a customer, and the estimated number of people influenced. For example, if “Customer A” spends $150 a year with a company and the average tenure is three years, then “Customer A’s” value to the organization is $450. However, if “Customer A” recommends the product/service to just one other customer who follows the same spending/tenure patterns (as the average), “Customer A” now has a residual value of $1,350.
Let’s take this thinking a step further. Recent research has suggested that the average Facebook user, for example, has 120 friends. The average user may interact meaningfully with between 10 and 20 Facebook Friends within a 30-day period. Using the calculations above, let’s say “Customer A” influences 20 friends within a 30-day period. “Customer A” now has a residual value of $27,000, as do each of those 20 friends who adhere to the average customer measures. In this first circle or ripple of influence the residual value of these 21 customers is now more than one-half million dollars over the next three years, assuming the averages spending and purchasing life remains consistent.
These are significant numbers, and all brought about by one customer sharing experiences with a circle of friends.
I have used this model a number of times to demonstrate the power of WOM marketing programs to senior management. It is simple to understand, and proven using average customer sales and tenure numbers. In the majority of the cases, I’ve been successful in gaining support from senior management for at least testing WOM or now, social media, programs. I have also used the Residual Value of a Customer to demonstrate the opportunity cost for not engaging in WOM.
In the spirit of sharing, I’ve created an online version of the model for you to use here: Residual Value of a Customer Calculator. Feel free to use this model and share with others.
I’d appreciate your feedback.
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How to keep your job in marketing
Sep 12th
The notion that “Marketing isn’t Sales” is an old, but somewhat untrue statement in the real world. We marketers have learned the hard way that marketing’s number one priority is to drive revenue for the organization. I think we now realize that long-gone are the days when marketing produced pretty pictures, glossy brochures, gimmicky promotions and brand advertising that don’t drive short-term sales. Those days are but a memory for marketers–up in smoke like many of the firms that promoted such frivolity and spending with reckless abandon.
Today’s environment requires marketing that’s effective. And to be effective, marketing must improve the top-line with new sales, and the bottom-line by improving efficiencies in marketing operation. If marketing can’t do both–deliver a large number of qualified customers, in a cost effective manner–then doesn’t deliver tangible value to the organization.
In most organizations these days–regardless of if you’re selling to consumers or businesses–marketing’s primary job is to support new sales in an anxious push for increased revenue. Certainly, driving new sales can generate new revenue. However, blindly focusing on acquisition can wreak havoc on an unprepared organization in terms of insufficient capacity to handle front-line sales or merchandising, sales fulfillment, customer service or technical support. Worst of all, with the organization concentrating on bringing in new customers in the front door, no one is watching the back door as existing customers stroll out. We would all agree, I think, that watching the back door is perhaps more important for long-term business success.
Balancing the organization’s desire for new customers with its desire for new revenue can be tricky. Somewhere, somehow, someone got the idea that new customers are better for producing revenue. While it may be true with some commodities, it’s largely an untrue generalization. The best source for new revenue is the existing customer…not the new ones. The challenge is that building business from existing customer is a relationship sell–something that’s longer term for the organization–and not something than usually can be leveraged to create an immediate impact on business revenue.
Relationship selling is what marketing is about, so changing a marketer’s mindset to focus on more immediate needs of sales can be a difficult thing to do–all marketers reading this raise your hand if you’ve ever said, “That’s a sales problem, not a marketing problem”. I’ll bet at least 75% of us raised our hand and of that number another 50% has at some point lost his or her job because our boss thought we weren’t demonstrating a tangible contribution to the sales efforts.
Marketers are generally good at relationship building efforts, but let’s examine a few other ways to improve marketing effectiveness (read: drive sales) in the near term:
- Do what works not what is pretty: It doesn’t have to cost a lot, nor does it have to be pretty to generate sales. Creative-types always strive for a pretty ad or marketing collateral, but the most important thing to get across is benefits of the product or services that you’re selling. Some of the most effective marketing campaigns were four-page direct mail pieces filled with nothing but text. If it works, and doesn’t degrade the overall image of the company, who cares what it looks like. In direct response, it’s about the offer, the audience, and then creative. That’s not a bad approach to take for all marketing efforts.
- Analyze and measure activities: Track the effectiveness of your marketing efforts. Are your programs driving people to your stores? What’s the increase in average daily sales volume during the promotion? Alternatively, are you successful in generating leads for the sales force? What’s the quality of those leads? How many of those leads have turned into sales? What was the duration of those leads in the sales pipeline?
With the exception of those in database or direct marketing, most marketers don’t track the effectiveness of their marketing efforts. Doing so is critical to gaining ongoing corporate support for marketing. Figure out how you can track and measure every thing you do with your marketing dollars. - Create a dialog with sales, merchandising, and other departments: Communicate with sales, customer service, tech support and all other customer-facing departments. The people on the front lines deal with prospects and customers on a daily basis and can tell you more about a customer and market needs than any market research study or survey. Gain input from individuals in these areas to develop such things as message strategies, collateral pieces, promotional ideas, and mailing lists to ensure that your marketing efforts are truly in line with prospect and customer needs, values and expectations.
- Listen to customers: Once in a while, pick up the phone and call a few customers. See what they like and what they don’t like about your advertising, marketing, services, sales and products. Do it randomly and periodically and you gain tremendous insights into the effectiveness of your marketing efforts.
- Create opportunities to generate sales: Figure out how to help the sales and merchandising teams gain immediate sales. Working with them, you may find a simple, easy-to-do promotion will fill an urgent need that will drive short-term sales. This will ensure additional cooperation from the front-line, and gain recognition with you management for driving revenue.
There are many other ways to improve marketing effectiveness, and while the points listed here may seem most obvious now, we often forget about these when going about our daily work. But above all, if you can remember that marketing is truly about sales–moving merchandise and making the cash register ring–you will be a more effective marketing and may never need to worry about job security.
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CRM: Management, Marketing or both?
Sep 1st
The acronym CRM is a confusing one. Many people say it stands for Customer Relationship Management, while others suggest Customer Relationship Marketing. Let’s take a look at how both of these acronyms are playing out.
Customer Relationship Management
In the mid-90’s while many of us were working on Marketing Information Systems (MkIS) to support customer focused strategies, most software and systems vendors were busy building and selling “Customer Relationship Management” software as a way to capitalize on the growing interest in the acronym “CRM”. Fueled largely by this influx of CRM software and systems, most people began to accept that “CRM” stood for Customer Relationship Management, and began their attempts to manage relationships with customers. Most organizations taking this approach have found that their CRM initiatives have failed to live up to expectations-both financially and with stronger relationships with their customers.
CRM-as defined through systems and technology-relies heavily on customer data, information, buying patterns, and the like. It assumes we’re able to gain the data we need to do a better job of “managing” the customers needs, values and expectations with our business. However, customers don’t tell us everything and assuming they did, there are so many external factors that will influence a purchase decision, or loyalty to a business, we could never hope to have databases large enough or powerful enough to allow us manage relationships for any length of time with any sustainable success. Yet we try anyway. As a result, most of us are data rich and information poor, and have learned the hard way that CRM is not about systems and technology. High hopes that having more customer data would lead to more effective and targeted marketing programs that would lead to higher revenue for the company, have been dashed. Simply
capturing the data and trying to sell the customer more things doesn’t do a darn thing improve the relationship-a fact that many have learned the hard way.
Customer Relationship Management is perhaps a misnomer. A better term for the systems and technology aspect might be Customer Information Management.
Customer Relationship Marketing
The term Customer Relationship Marketing-or the other CRM-seems to have fallen by the wayside. This is perhaps the better term to use in describing what we do with customer information. We gather it, analyze it, identify patterns, and then make offers to customer based on this data. We can make those offers through the mail, online, by telephone, by email, or in person. We can test our offers, our messages and our channels to see which combination produces the best results
for our business. Customer Relationship Marketing? It seems like we once called this database marketing, and before that direct response. But, it should go further.
Customer Relationship Marketing should take advantage of the data and information gathered from all of the customer touch points in determining the best offer, message and channel for the marketing efforts. Unfortunately, most organization don’t yet go this far. Most don’t have enough of the customer information needed to develop effective messages and compelling offers; and have too much information that provides little value for marketers charged with increasing revenue. An example of which is the large volumes of transactional data that can be found with many catalogers. Most catalog operations can tell that a customer had purchased 25 pair of blue shoes, but they often can’t make the correlation between those blue shoes and other blue things that this customer may have purchased. If this correlation could be made, they would be able to determine what blue things the customer has already, and what blue things it could offer next.
Customer Relationship Marketing then is a term that describes a more deliberate approach to delivering the right products, to the right customer, at the right time based on the data and information-purchase history, personal information, channel preferences, and more-an organization has been able to collect. Is it anything more than glorified database marketing? Probably not as it’s now practiced. But, it has the potential to be so much more.
Can we really hope to manage a relationship with the customer? Not in our wildest
dreams. Customers can be identified, developed and nurtured, but never really managed based on the data that we collect. Unlike personal relationships with family or friends, organizations don’t have the personal context for the data collected. Organizations can’t look at the Ms. Jane Doe and know that she doesn’t like high-heeled shoes because she has problems with her feet. At best, it may only know that she never buys high-heeled shoes. That’s not-and never was intended to be-a relationship from the customer’s perspective. It’s a business transaction, that’s all.
In today’s world most organizations require systems and technology to manage the vast of amounts of customer data we now collect. These systems, though, have nothing to do with managing the actual customer. Since most organizations now have this data, the focus should be on how to turn it into information to better deliver value to our customers, which will with any luck help create more revenue for the organization.
On the other hand, maybe organizations should stop trying to manage relationships with customers and began providing value for prices paid, along with a little friendly, helpful customer service. It would probably go a long way toward improving revenue. This approach worked long before the CRM acronym appeared, and will undoubtedly work long after it’s gone.
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Reaching the Right Person at the Right Time
Apr 7th
One of the golden rules of successful marketing, as you well know, is the ability to deliver the “right” message to the “right” customer (or potential customer) at the “right” time. The CRM movement has managed a credible job helping us all to pull together the “right” message for the “right” customer, but we yet to be able to deliver that message at the “right” time. In other words, we still have difficulty in getting a message to the customer when s/he is predisposed to buying.
I was thinking about this other day, when I read a blurb about a company call BlueLinx (www.bluelinx.com) in Charlotte, NC. BlueLinx has developed a product called “Q-Zone”, which allows people and organizations to control environmental disruptions of cell phones, pagers, and other types of noise-making portable electronic devices. Q-Zone uses the emerging Bluetooth (www.bluetooth.com) wireless technology to create “quiet zones” within churches, concert halls, conference centers, restaurants, hospitals, movie theaters, and other public places. Essentially, the technology turns the devices “off” when entering a quiet zone and “on” upon leaving. When I finished reading about BlueLinx, it occurred to me that this same or similar technology could be used bridge the delivery gap and get the message to the customer pretty close to the “right” time.
Let’s consider how this could work. I’m in the market for new shoes, so I decide to go the local mall to shop. Once there, I turn on my web-enabled phone (PDA or other device) and let the shoe sellers in the mall know that I’m interested in buying a pair of size 12, black wing-tips. Within seconds I’m made aware of the stores that have size 12 black wing tips in stock, and the pricing. I may even be offered discounts or other freebies for the purchasing the shoes with a particular merchant. I can then visit each merchant, examine the quality and comfort of the shoe, and determine the most appropriate fit for me.
This same concept could be applied to hotel rooms, restaurants, gas stations, and a host of other merchants. Best of all, the customer retains control of the process, telling the merchants when s/he is ready to buy. Unlike most of today’s customer-focused marketing programs, there’s no intrusion by the merchant. The idea of delivering at the customers purchase decision point-or very near it-at the customer’s request is what customer-focused marketing programs (call it CRM or whatever your like) should really be about.
There are dozens of potential applications of this technology in the CRM space–I have a growing list, myself–that will help us be more efficient and less intrusive in delivering messages, content or other offers to our customers. Are we up to the challenge of thinking, “out-of-the-box” for its use?
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Dave




